What is feedback?
Different types of feedback
Intrinsic – from within the player - Autonoumous stage of learning - A badminton player know that he has over hit the overhead clear
Extrinsic – from an outside source - Cognitive/autonoumous stage of learning - A hockey coach giving tactical advise to the players, telling them not to dribble the ball so much. Positive – information about correct technique given to encourage and motivate the athletes - Cognitive stage of learning - A coach giving praise to a beginner when performing a good lay up in basketball. Negative – information given about incorrect technique given to eliminate errors - Associative/autonoumous stage of learning - A football being told by his team mate that the throw in was too slow, and should be thrown to his chest. Knowledge of performance – More detailed information about technique - Associative/autonoumous stage of learning - A cricket player being told why they missed the ball when playing a shot. Knowledge of results - Information to determine success or failure - Cognitive stage of learning - A netball playing knowing that the shot on goal did not go in. |
Giving feedback
Feedback should be given to the performer as soon as possible after the event to have maximum impact.
Language needs to be understandable and not too technical (for beginners).
Information given during games needs to be in small chunks – players have lots of other things to think about during the game.
Feedback that is given needs to be appropriate.
Beginners need motivation and encouragement – positive feedback should be used.
Beginners should start with knowledge of results.
Knowledge of performance can be used to fine tune performance at a later time.
A beginner who has not yet developed a feel for the game should gain extrinsic feedback, as they get more experienced and know how correct techniques and movements feel they can use intrinsic feedback.
Language needs to be understandable and not too technical (for beginners).
Information given during games needs to be in small chunks – players have lots of other things to think about during the game.
Feedback that is given needs to be appropriate.
Beginners need motivation and encouragement – positive feedback should be used.
Beginners should start with knowledge of results.
Knowledge of performance can be used to fine tune performance at a later time.
A beginner who has not yet developed a feel for the game should gain extrinsic feedback, as they get more experienced and know how correct techniques and movements feel they can use intrinsic feedback.